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Applying chemical sedimentation process in drinking water treatment plant to address the emergent arsenic

Pengfei LIN,Xiaojian ZHANG,Hongwei YANG,Yong LI,Chao CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 50-57 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0733-2

摘要： Arsenic (As) spills occurred more frequently and sometimes polluted water sources in recent years in China. It is as urgent need to develop emergency treatment technologies to address the arsenic threat for large-scale water treatment plants. In response, we developed a chemical sedimentation technology to remove arsenic contaminants for water treatment plants. Bench-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the efficiency of arsenic removal and the influencing factors of the chemical sedimentation treatment process. The influencing factors included the choice and dosage of coagulants, the valence of arsenic and pH value of solution. The As(V) contaminants can be almost completely removed by ferric or alum coagulants. The As(III) contaminants are more recalcitrant to chemical sedimentation, 75% for ferric coagulant and 40% for alum coagulant. The quantitative results of arsenic removal load by different ferric or alum coagulants were presented to help determine the parameters for arsenic treatment technology. The dominant mechanism for arsenic removal is static combination, or adsorption of negative arsenic species onto positive ferric hydroxide or alum hydroxide flocs. The efficiency of this treatment technology has also been demonstrated by a real production test in one water treatment plant with arsenic-rich source water and one emergency response. This technology was verified to be quick to set-up, easy to operate and highly efficient even for high concentration of arsenic.

关键词： Arsenic spill     chemical sedimentation     coagulation     drinking water     emergency treatment    

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Hexachlorobutadiene emissions from typical chemical plants

Minxiang Wang, Lili Yang, Xiaoyun Liu, Zheng Wang, Guorui Liu, Minghui Zheng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1352-8

摘要： Abstract • Unintentional HCBD production in typical chemical plants was investigated. • The highest HCBD concentrations were found in the bottom residue. • Tri/tetrachloroethylene production processes were important HCBD sources. Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) was classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention in 2015. HCBD is mainly an unintentionally produced by-product of chlorinated hydrocarbon (e.g., trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene) synthesis. Few studies of HCBD formation during chemical production processes have been performed, so HCBD emissions from these potentially important sources are not understood. In this study, HCBD concentrations in raw materials, intermediate products, products, and bottom residues from chemical plants producing chlorobenzene, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene were determined. The results indicated that HCBD is unintentionally produced at much higher concentrations in trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene plants than chlorobenzene plants. The sum of the HCBD concentrations in the samples from all of the trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene production stages in plant PC was 247000 mg/mL, about three orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations in the tetrachloroethylene production samples (plant PB) and about six orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations in the chlorobenzene production samples (plant PA). The HCBD concentrations were highest in bottom residues from all of the plants. The concentrations in the bottom residue samples contributed 24%–99% of the total HCBD formed in the chemical production plants. The bottom residue, being hazardous waste, could be disposed of by incineration. The HCBD concentrations were much higher in intermediate products than raw materials, indicating that HCBD formed during production of the intended chemicals. The results indicate the concentrations of HCBD unintentionally produced in typical chemical plants and will be useful in developing protocols for controlling HCBD emissions to meet the Stockholm Convention requirements.

关键词： Hexachlorobutadiene     Chemical plant     Chlorobenzene     Trichloroethylene     Tetrachloroethylene    

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Green process to recover magnesium chloride from residue solution of potassium chloride production plant

WANG Lin, HE Yunliang, WANG Yanfei, BAO Ying, WANG Jingkang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 385-389 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0079-z

摘要： The green process to recover magnesium chloride from the residue solution of a potassium chloride production plant, which comes from the leach solution of a potash mine in Laos, is designed and optimized. The residue solution contains magnesium chloride above 25 wt-%, potassium chloride and sodium chloride together below 5 wt-% and a few other ions such as Br, SO and Ca. The recovery process contains two steps: the previous impurity removal operation and the two-stage evaporation-cooling crystallization procedure to produce magnesium chloride. The crystallized impurity carnallite obtained from the first step is recycled to the potassium chloride plant to recover the potassium salt. The developed process is a zero discharge one and thus fulfills the requirements for green chemical industrial production. The produced magnesium chloride is up to industrial criteria.

关键词： industrial production     chemical industrial     produced magnesium     chloride production     impurity carnallite    

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IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 635-644 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020343

摘要：

The antifungal effectiveness of extracts of five medicinal plant species was determined. The inhibitory activity of extracts of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Xanthium sibiricum, Artemisia argyi, Tupistra chinensis and Pyrola calliantha were evaluated against the mycelial growth of the plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum, P. expansum, P. italicumand Rhizopus stolonifer. All plant extracts were prepared at 60°C using solvents (either water, 50% ethanol (v/v), 95% ethanol (v/v), ethyl acetate or petroleum ether). Fungicidal effects of all plants tested were confirmed. Different extracts from the same plant species gave different degrees of inhibition. All aqueous extracts had weak or no activity on all fungi tested. Ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol extracts from T. chinensis rhizomes gave greater inhibition and a broader spectrum inhibition than the other extracts. T. chinensis may have potential as a new natural fungicide and may be used for the preservation of agricultural and forestry products such as fruits and vegetables.

 

关键词： Botrytis cinerea / food preservation / plant diseases / plant pathogenic fungi / Tupistra chinensis    

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植物氯素营养与含氯化肥科学施用

毛知耘,周则芳,石孝均,刘洪斌

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第6期   页码 64-66

摘要：

文章主要概述了植物的氯素营养及科学施用含氯化肥三准则。

关键词： 植物氯营养     耐氯力类型     含氯化肥    

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ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI

Shufeng YAO, Jiali XU, Haibo ZHANG, Hong GAO, Shibin SHANG, Dan WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 635-644 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020343

摘要： The antifungal effectiveness of extracts of five medicinal plant species was determined. The inhibitory activity of extracts of , , , and were evaluated against the mycelial growth of the plant pathogenic fungi , , and . All plant extracts were prepared at 60°C using solvents (either water, 50% ethanol ( ), 95% ethanol ( ), ethyl acetate or petroleum ether). Fungicidal effects of all plants tested were confirmed. Different extracts from the same plant species gave different degrees of inhibition. All aqueous extracts had weak or no activity on all fungi tested. Ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol extracts from rhizomes gave greater inhibition and a broader spectrum inhibition than the other extracts. may have potential as a new natural fungicide and may be used for the preservation of agricultural and forestry products such as fruits and vegetables.

关键词： Botrytis cinerea     food preservation     plant diseases     plant pathogenic fungi     Tupistra chinensis    

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An introduction to the medicinal plant genome project

Shilin Chen, Li Xiang, Xu Guo, Qiushi Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 178-184 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0131-0

摘要： In recent years, genomics has developed rapidly with the application of next-generation sequencing technology. However, very few studies have been carried out on genomics for medicinal plants. This paper introduces the genome research of medicinal plants, including genome sequencing, assembly, annotation, and functional genomics, to set up the foundation for the development of natural medicines and the selection of cultivars with good agricultural traits. This study places the study on traditional Chinese medicine into the frontier field of life science.

关键词： genomics     medicinal plant     sequencing     application    

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HEMIPTERAN-TRANSMITTED PLANT VIRUSES: RESEARCH PROGRESS AND CONTROL STRATEGIES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期   页码 98-109 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021389

摘要：

About 80% of plant viruses are transmitted by specific insect vectors, especially hemipterans with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Many virus-transmitting insects are also important crop pests that cause considerable losses in crop production. This review summarizes the latest research findings on the interactions between plant viruses and insect vectors and analyzes the key factors affecting insect transmission of plant viruses from the perspectives of insect immunity, insect feeding, and insect symbiotic microorganisms. Additionally, by referring to the latest applications for blocking the transmission of animal viruses, potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology, and CRISPR/Cas9+ gene-driven technology are discussed.

 

关键词： control strategies / feeding / immunity / insect vector / microorganism / plant virus    

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Intelligent diagnosis methods for plant machinery

Huaqing WANG, Peng CHEN, Shuming WANG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第1期   页码 118-124 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0084-z

摘要： This paper reports several intelligent diagnostic approaches based on artificial neural network and fuzzy algorithm for plant machinery, such as the diagnosis method using the wavelet transform, rough sets, and fuzzy neural network; the diagnosis method based on the sequential inference and fuzzy neural network; the diagnosis approach by the possibility theory and certainty factor model; and the diagnosis method on the basis of the adaptive filtering technique and fuzzy neural network. These intelligent diagnostic methods have been successfully applied to condition diagnosis in different types of practical plant machinery.

关键词： intelligent diagnosis     neural network     fuzzy algorithm     adaptive filtering     plant machinery    

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Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction

Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第2期   页码 102-112 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016100

摘要： Plants are frequently affected by pathogen infections. To effectively defend against such infections, two major modes of innate immunity have evolved in plants; pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity. Although the molecular components as well as the corresponding pathways involved in these two processes have been identified, many aspects of the molecular mechanisms of the plant immune system remain elusive. Recently, the rapid development of omics techniques (e.g., genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics) has provided a great opportunity to explore plant–pathogen interactions from a systems perspective and studies on protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between plants and pathogens have been carried out and characterized at the network level. In this review, we introduce experimental and computational identification methods of PPIs, popular PPI network analysis approaches, and existing bioinformatics resources/tools related to PPIs. Then, we focus on reviewing the progress in genome-wide PPI networks related to plant–pathogen interactions, including pathogen-centric PPI networks, plant-centric PPI networks and interspecies PPI networks between plants and pathogens. We anticipate genome-wide PPI network analysis will provide a clearer understanding of plant–pathogen interactions and will offer some new opportunities for crop protection and improvement.

关键词： plant–pathogen interactions     systems biology     omics     plant immunity     protein–protein interaction     network    

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Special issue on “Green chemical process and intensification”

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期   页码 1533-1535 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2263-y

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Special Issue for the Future Chemical Engineering Scholars of Global Chinese Chemical Engineering Symposium

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 775-776 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2172-0

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Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1652-x

摘要： The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called “controlled combustion”, the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.

关键词： Vinyl chloride     Combustion     Chemical safety management     Environmental risk     Emerging contaminants    

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Causations of failure in megaprojects: A case study of the Ajaokuta Steel Plant project

Oluwole Alfred OLATUNJI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第3期   页码 334-346 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018011

摘要：

This paper uses project organizational theories to draw lessons from a historic megaproject, the Ajaokuta Steel Plant (ASP). Archival reports on the ASP were explored to identify the unique attributes of the project; the political wrangling that underplayed its evolution, its economic significance and organizational impacts. Findings suggest the goals of the ASP project were, and still are, unambiguous. Failure occurred as socio-political forces aggravated the project’s complex milestones. Stakeholders were impatient with pre-project investigations. During planning, owners ignored opinions that were contrary to their expectations. While delays lingered, pressures from the global economy weakened the project’s motivation to succeed. These combined to turn the project’s outcomes into a chaotic situation that triggered dire implications. Despite about 1400% overrun in cost, the success achieved on the plant was 28% at commissioning. Contractors remained on site until eight years after commissioning. Six key elements of the 482 items in the ASP project contract were not delivered nearly 40 years on. A simplistic look at these suggests poor planning is the main problem. However, planning issues is not entirely strange in greenfield projects. The paper draws strength from project organization theories to explain what was poor about the planning. Socrates’ generic management theory was used to explain the role of leadership in the failure of the ASP project. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y explain the significance of stakeholders’ integration in megaprojects. Systems and chaos theories were used to explain the sensitivity of the ASP project to uncertainties. Narratives on these combine well to inspire stakeholders of megaprojects on where and how to seek courage in making effective plans that can help achieve success in complex projects. While normative literature only recognizes project success in a definitive perspective, this study provides insights from failure as an instrument to trigger sublime reflections.

关键词： industrial projects     megaprojects     Nigeria     project organizational theories     steel plant    

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Rhizosphere immunity: targeting the underground for sustainable plant health management

Zhong WEI, Ville-Petri FRIMAN, Thomas POMMIER, Stefan GEISEN, Alexandre JOUSSET, Qirong SHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期   页码 317-328 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020346

摘要：

Managing plant health is a great challenge for modern food production and is further complicated by the lack of common ground between the many disciplines involved in disease control. Here we present the concept of rhizosphere immunity, in which plant health is considered as an ecosystem level property emerging from networks of interactions between plants, microbiota and the surrounding soil matrix. These interactions can potentially extend the innate plant immune system to a point where the rhizosphere immunity can fulfil all four core functions of a full immune system: pathogen prevention, recognition, response and homeostasis. We suggest that considering plant health from a meta-organism perspective will help in developing multidisciplinary pathogen management strategies that focus on steering the whole plant-microbe-soil networks instead of individual components. This might be achieved by bringing together the latest discoveries in phytopathology, microbiome research, soil science and agronomy to pave the way toward more sustainable and productive agriculture.

关键词： rhizosphere     soil microbiome     plant immunity     microbial ecology     plant health     soilborne pathogens    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Applying chemical sedimentation process in drinking water treatment plant to address the emergent arsenic

Pengfei LIN,Xiaojian ZHANG,Hongwei YANG,Yong LI,Chao CHEN

期刊论文

Hexachlorobutadiene emissions from typical chemical plants

Minxiang Wang, Lili Yang, Xiaoyun Liu, Zheng Wang, Guorui Liu, Minghui Zheng

期刊论文

Green process to recover magnesium chloride from residue solution of potassium chloride production plant

WANG Lin, HE Yunliang, WANG Yanfei, BAO Ying, WANG Jingkang

期刊论文

IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI

期刊论文

植物氯素营养与含氯化肥科学施用

毛知耘,周则芳,石孝均,刘洪斌

期刊论文

ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI

Shufeng YAO, Jiali XU, Haibo ZHANG, Hong GAO, Shibin SHANG, Dan WANG

期刊论文

An introduction to the medicinal plant genome project

Shilin Chen, Li Xiang, Xu Guo, Qiushi Li

期刊论文

HEMIPTERAN-TRANSMITTED PLANT VIRUSES: RESEARCH PROGRESS AND CONTROL STRATEGIES

期刊论文

Intelligent diagnosis methods for plant machinery

Huaqing WANG, Peng CHEN, Shuming WANG,

期刊论文

Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction

Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG

期刊论文

Special issue on “Green chemical process and intensification”

期刊论文

Special Issue for the Future Chemical Engineering Scholars of Global Chinese Chemical Engineering Symposium

期刊论文

Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

期刊论文

Causations of failure in megaprojects: A case study of the Ajaokuta Steel Plant project

Oluwole Alfred OLATUNJI

期刊论文

Rhizosphere immunity: targeting the underground for sustainable plant health management

Zhong WEI, Ville-Petri FRIMAN, Thomas POMMIER, Stefan GEISEN, Alexandre JOUSSET, Qirong SHEN

期刊论文